Vaccine Preventable Diseases

Chicken Pox (Varicella)

What is It?
Symptoms
How is it spread?
Vaccine
What is It?

A highly contagious disease caused by a virus; presents as an itchy skin rash.

Symptoms

Children: Usually a rash is the first sign in children; appears as red-raised spots that turn into itchy, fluid-filled blisters.
Adults: May have fatigues and fever 1-2 days before the rash.

How is it spread?

By direct contact with fluid from the blisters or through the air when someone with chickenpox coughs or sneezes.

Vaccine

Varicella vaccine or MMRV (Measles, Mumps, Rubella and Varicella)

checken pox

Diptheria

What is It?
Symptoms
How is it spread?
Vaccine
What is It?

A bacterial disease that affect the tonsils, throat, nose and sometime skin.

Symptoms

It can include sore throat, low-grade fever and enlarged lymph nodes located in the neck. Also can make it difficult to swallow and breathe. Skin lesions may be painful, swollen and reddened.

How is it spread?

Through close contact with the discharge from an infected personā€™s eyes, nose, throat or skin.

Vaccine

DTap, Td, TDaP

Diptheria

Flu (Influenza)

What is It?
Symptoms
How is it spread?
Vaccine
What is It?

A respiratory disease that attacks the nose, throat, and lungs. It can cause mild to severe illness and at times can lead to death.

Symptoms

Influenza symptoms come on quickly in the form of fever, dry cough, sore throat, headache, extreme tiredness, stuffed-up nose, and body aches. These symptoms can be severe and put you in bed for several days.

How is it spread?

Through the sneezing or coughing of an infected person; experts also think you can get the flu by touching n surface that has flu germs on it and then touching your mouth or nose.

Vaccine

TIV, LAIV

16

Hepatitis A

What is It?
Symptoms
How is it spread?
Vaccine
What is It?

A virus that attacks the liver.

Symptoms

Symptoms may range from mild to severe and can include an abrupt onset of fever, fatigue, poor appetite, nausea, stomach pain, dark-colored urine and jaundice (a yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes).

How is it spread?

Itā€™s spread by putting something in the mouth that has been contaminated with the stool of a person with hepatitis A.

Vaccine

Hep A

4

Hepatitis B

What is It?
Symptoms
How is it spread?
Vaccine
What is It?

A virus that attacks the liver.

Symptoms

Many people have no symptoms. Early symptoms are mild fever, headache, muscle aches, fatigue, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting and diarrhea. Later symptoms may include dark coffee-colored, rather than dark yellow, urine, clay-colored stools, abdominal pain, and yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes (jaundice).

How is it spread?

Direct contact with blood or other body fluids of infected people; can be spread from a pregnant woman to her baby during childbirth.

Vaccine

Hep B

5

Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib)

What is It?
Symptoms
How is it spread?
Vaccine
What is It?

A bacteria that is found in the nose and throat of children and adults that could lead to brain damage or death.

Symptoms

Causes a variety of illnesses including meningitis (inflammation of the coverings of the spinal column and brain), bacteremia (infection of the blood), pneumonia (infection of the lungs), and septic arthritis (infection of the joints). Some people can carry the bacteria in their bodies but do not become sick.

How is it spread?

Through the sneezing or coughing of an infected person.

Vaccine

Hib

3

Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Infection: HPV4

What is It?
Symptoms
How is it spread?
Vaccine
What is It?

A common virus that infects the skin, particularly the genital area. It is the most common sexually transmitted disease in the US and can cause cervical cancer in women.

Symptoms

Most of the time there are no symptoms and most HPV infections go away on their own. Some HPV types (the high risk ones) will cause an ongoing (chronic) infection in the cervix of a female. This causes abnormal Pap smears. Chronic HPV infection can lead to cancer, especially cervical cancer. HPV can cause genital warts, which can be uncomfortable and irritating and can reoccur. Sometimes genital warts spread to a baby during birth and infect the babyā€™s lungs and airway.

How is it spread?

There are over 100 types of human papillomaviruses, and about 40 of them are spread through sexual contact.

Vaccine

HPV

15

Measles

What is It?
Symptoms
How is it spread?
Vaccine
What is It?

A virus also called rubeola. It can lead to hearing loss, breathing problems, pneumonia, brain damage and death.

Symptoms

Fever, runny nose, cough, loss of appetite, watery/mattering eyes, and a rash. The rash usually lasts 5-6 days and begins at the hairline, moves to the face and upper neck, and proceeds down the body. It generally takes 8-12 days from exposure to the first symptom, which is usually fever. The measles rash usually appears 2-3 days after the fever begins.

How is it spread?

Through the air by infectious droplets and is highly contagious.

Vaccine

MMR, MMRV

9

Meningococcal

What is It?
Symptoms
How is it spread?
Vaccine
What is It?

It can include a variety of serious clinical illnesses, including meningitis (infection of the lining of the spinal cord), bacteremia (bacteria in the blood), and rarely, pneumonia (infection of the lungs). Children and young adults are most often affected by this disease. It can cause severe illness and death.

Symptoms

Meningitis ā€“ fever, vomiting, headache, stiff neck, extreme sleepiness, confusion and irritability, lack of appetite; sometimes a rash or seizures.

How is it spread?

Through secretions of the nose and throat (e.g., coughing, sneezing); more common in household, child care settings. Of the people who carry the bacteria in the nose and throat, only a very few will develop disease. However, people who carry the bacteria can sometimes carry it to others who will in turn become sick.

Vaccine

MCV, MPSV

6

Mumps

What is It?
Symptoms
How is it spread?
Vaccine
What is It?

A very contagious infection of one or more of the salivary glands. These glands are located on either side of the face, below the ears. In some cases, it can lead to hearing loss, swelling of the brain and spinal cord, and brain damage.

Symptoms

Severe swelling and soreness of the cheeks and jaw. It usually starts with neck or ear pain, loss of appetite, tiredness, headache, and low fever. About a third of persons infected have no symptoms.

How is it spread?

Through direct contact with saliva and discharges from the nose and throat of infected persons. Mumps can be spread by coughing, sneezing, or even talking.

Vaccine

MMR, MMRV

11

Pertussis (Whooping Cough)

What is It?
Symptoms
How is it spread?
Vaccine
What is It?

A disease that affects the lungs. Causes long spells of coughing that make it hard for a child to eat, drink and breathe. It can lead to pneumonia, seizures and death.

Symptoms

The first symptoms of whooping cough are similar to those of a common cold: runny nose, sneezing, mild cough and low-grade fever. After about 1 to 2 weeks, the dry, irritating cough evolves into coughing spells which can last for more than a minute where the child may turn red or purple.

How is it spread?

Through the air by infectious droplets such as sneezing or coughing; highly contagious.

Vaccine

DTaP, DTP, Tdap

13

Polio

What is It?
Symptoms
How is it spread?
Vaccine
What is It?

A virus that lives in the intestinal tract and sometimes in the throat; can cause lifelong paralysis and deformity.

Symptoms

Fever, fatigue, headache, vomiting, stiffness in the neck, and pain in the limbs. Up to 95 percent of all persons infected with polio will have no symptoms.

How is it spread?

Through contact with the stool of an infected person (for instance, by changing diapers). Poliovirus must be swallowed to cause infection.

Vaccine

IPV

7

Rubella (German Measles)

What is It?
Symptoms
How is it spread?
Vaccine
What is It?

A virus that causes fever and rash on the face and neck. It can lead to miscarriage or birth defects during pregnancy.

Symptoms

Rash, low-grade fever, cough, and swollen glands behind the ears and in the neck. The rash generally appears first on the face and moves from head to foot. Up to half of all persons infected with rubella do not have symptoms.

How is it spread?

When an infected person coughs or sneezes near you, or by touching infected fluid and then touching your eyes, nose, or mouth.

Vaccine

MMR, MMRV

10

Tetanus (Lockjaw)

What is It?
Symptoms
How is it spread?
Vaccine
What is It?

A disease caused by bacteria that affects the bodyā€™s muscles and nerves; causes severe muscle spasms, breathing and heart problems, and may lead to death.

Symptoms

Muscle spasms in the jaw, difficulty swallowing, and stiffness or pain in the muscles of the neck, shoulders, or back. The spasms can spread to the muscles of the abdomen, upper arms, and thighs.

How is it spread?

Cannot be spread from person to person. The only way to get tetanus is from a skin wound that becomes contaminated by the tetanus bacteria, which is often found in soil.

Vaccine

DT, DTaP, Td, Tdap

17

Stay home if you are sick

Avoid close contact with
sick people and wear a mask

Cover your nose and mouth
when you sneeze

Wash your hands often

Clean and disinfect

Stay up to date on your vaccinations